Authorship Criteria

Idarotuna: Journal of Administrative Science applies internationally recognized principles of authorship and contributorship. Authorship gives academic credit and also implies responsibility and accountability for the integrity of the published work.

Authorship Qualification

An individual shall be listed as an author only if they meet all four of the following criteria:

  1. Made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study; or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
  2. Drafted the manuscript or critically revised it for important intellectual content.
  3. Approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
  4. Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to assist in resolving any questions concerning its accuracy or integrity.

All individuals who meet these criteria must be included as authors. Individuals who do not meet all four criteria must not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged as contributors.

These requirements are based on the ICMJE authorship recommendations.

Author Responsibilities

Each author must:

  • participate sufficiently in the research to take public responsibility for their contribution;
  • understand the contributions made by the other authors;
  • have confidence in the integrity of all co-authors’ contributions;
  • verify the accuracy and originality of the manuscript;
  • disclose all financial and non-financial conflicts of interest;
  • disclose relevant funding sources;
  • ensure that the research complies with applicable ethical requirements;
  • approve the manuscript, author list, and order of authors before submission;
  • cooperate with the journal if questions arise before or after publication; and
  • participate in corrections, clarifications, or retractions when required.

Authors share collective responsibility for the integrity of the published article. Responsibility cannot be transferred solely to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement

The journal requires a contribution statement describing the role of each author. Authors should use the relevant roles from the CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy, including:

  • Conceptualization;
  • Methodology;
  • Software;
  • Validation;
  • Formal analysis;
  • Investigation;
  • Resources;
  • Data curation;
  • Writing – original draft;
  • Writing – review and editing;
  • Visualization;
  • Supervision;
  • Project administration; and
  • Funding acquisition.

An example statement is:

Author Contributions: A.A. contributed to conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, and preparation of the original draft. B.B. conducted the investigation, collected and curated the data, and reviewed the manuscript. C.C. supervised the research, validated the findings, and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agreed to be accountable for the integrity of the work.

Participation in only one limited activity does not automatically qualify an individual for authorship.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for:

  • managing communication with the journal during submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication;
  • ensuring that all authors satisfy the journal’s authorship criteria;
  • obtaining approval of the final manuscript from every author;
  • confirming that no eligible contributor has been omitted;
  • submitting complete authorship, affiliation, ORCID, funding, ethics, and conflict-of-interest information;
  • informing all authors about editorial decisions and manuscript revisions;
  • responding promptly to requests from editors and reviewers; and
  • remaining available after publication to respond to questions and provide supporting information when reasonably requested.

Designation as the corresponding author does not give that author authority to add, remove, or reorder authors without the written consent of all affected authors.

Order of Authors

The order of authors must be agreed upon collectively before submission. The journal does not determine author order and will not arbitrate disputes regarding the relative contribution of authors.

The first author should normally be the person who made the largest intellectual and practical contribution to the study and manuscript. Any shared or equal contribution must be clearly declared at submission and indicated in the published article where appropriate.

Non-Author Contributors

The following activities, when performed alone, do not qualify an individual for authorship:

  • obtaining research funding;
  • providing general supervision;
  • holding an administrative or institutional position;
  • providing access to research participants or facilities;
  • routine data collection without intellectual involvement;
  • technical or administrative assistance;
  • language editing or proofreading;
  • formatting the manuscript; or
  • paying an article processing charge.

Individuals who made valuable contributions but do not meet all authorship criteria should be named in the Acknowledgements section, with their specific contributions described. The corresponding author must obtain permission from each person named in the acknowledgements.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

The journal prohibits:

  • Guest authorship: including a prominent person who made no qualifying contribution;
  • Gift or honorary authorship: granting authorship as a favor, reward, or result of status;
  • Ghost authorship: omitting someone who made a qualifying contribution;
  • Purchased authorship: adding an individual in exchange for payment or another benefit;
  • Coercive authorship: demanding authorship through authority or institutional power;
  • adding supervisors, institutional leaders, or funding providers solely because of their position; and
  • submitting an author’s name without that person’s knowledge and approval.

Suspected authorship misconduct may result in suspension or rejection of the manuscript, notification of the authors’ institutions, correction of the published record, or retraction.

Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must:

  1. be submitted by the corresponding author;
  2. explain the reason for the requested change;
  3. describe the contribution of every affected author; and
  4. include written approval from all existing, added, or removed authors.

Editorial processing may be suspended until the matter is resolved.

After acceptance, authorship changes will be permitted only in exceptional circumstances. After publication, an approved change will normally require a formal correction notice.

If the authors cannot reach agreement, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institution. The journal will not adjudicate private authorship disputes. This procedure follows COPE guidance on authorship changes.

Authorship Disputes

Authors should resolve questions about authorship before submission. When a dispute cannot be resolved by the authors, the matter must be referred to their institution or another appropriate independent authority.

The journal may:

  • suspend peer review or publication;
  • request institutional clarification;
  • reject or withdraw the manuscript;
  • publish a correction;
  • issue an expression of concern; or
  • retract the article when serious misconduct is established.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence systems, large language models, chatbots, and other AI-assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors because they cannot approve a manuscript, declare conflicts of interest, hold copyright, or assume responsibility for the work.

Authors remain fully responsible for all AI-assisted content and must:

  • disclose the name and version of the tool;
  • explain how and where the tool was used;
  • describe AI use for data analysis, image generation, or research methods in the Methods section;
  • disclose writing or language assistance in the Acknowledgements section;
  • verify the accuracy of every AI-generated statement and reference;
  • ensure that the submitted work contains no fabricated data, citations, plagiarism, or copyright infringement; and
  • ensure that confidential personal or research data have not been improperly entered into an AI system.

Basic spelling, grammar, and reference-management tools do not normally require disclosure unless they generate or substantially modify intellectual content.

Author Identification

Authors are strongly encouraged to provide an authenticated ORCID iD. Each author’s name, institutional affiliation, country, email address, and ORCID must be accurate and consistent across the manuscript, OJS metadata, and published article.

The use of false affiliations, misleading academic credentials, or another person’s identity constitutes publication misconduct.

Author Declaration

By submitting a manuscript, all authors declare that:

We confirm that every person listed as an author meets the journal’s authorship criteria, that no eligible author has been omitted, and that all authors have approved the submitted version and agreed to its submission. We accept responsibility and accountability for our respective contributions and for the integrity of the work as a whole. We have disclosed all funding, competing interests, and relevant use of artificial intelligence.

This policy is informed by the ICMJE Recommendations and the COPE guidance on authorship and contributorship.